Recent Patents on Space Toilet
نویسنده
چکیده
A space toilet is a toilet that can be used in a low gravity environment. In the absence of gravity the collection and retention of liquid and solid waste is directed by use of air flow instead of water. Generally, the human waste is separated and solid wastes are compressed and stored on-board, and then removed after landing. Waste water is vented to space. The air is filtered to remove odor and bacteria and then returned to the cabin. Since the air used to direct the waste is returned to the cabin, it is filtered beforehand to control odor and cleanse bacteria. In this article, some important patents related to space toilet or waste collection system will be reported and the corresponding approaches to collect, handle, and dispose space waste will be reviewed. The main advantages and drawbacks related to each technological approach will be pointed out, and future perspectives in the field will be discussed.
منابع مشابه
تعارض اصل حمایت از اختراعات دارویی و حقوق بشر؛ تفسیر حقوقی ماده 27 موافقتنامه تریپس
Today, pharmaceutical patents constitute an important part of industrial production and investment corporations have shown interest in this issue which is willing to protect these patents for assurance of investment in this area. While progress in this field has human interests, but the unconditional protection of such patents is in conflict with the right to health as one of the fundamental hu...
متن کاملFabrication and application of polymer composites comprising carbon nanotubes.
Carbon nanotubes are being used in place of carbon fibers in making composites due to their high strength, high aspect-ratio and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. Although carbon nanotubes were discovered more than a decade ago, works on preparation of satisfactory composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes have encountered difficulties. This review will discuss some registered pate...
متن کاملIntellectual Property Strategy in the Global Cosmetics Industry
In this paper we analyze aspects of the intellectual property strategies of firms in the global cosmetics and toilet preparations industry. Using detailed data on all 4,205 EPO patent grants in the relevant IPC class between 1980 and 2001, we find that about 15 percent of all patents are challenged in EPO opposition proceedings, a rate about twice as high as in the overall population of EPO pat...
متن کاملToilet in Transportation Vehicles: A Topic for Consideration on Travel Sanitation in Travel Medicine
متن کامل
Recent patents in bionanotechnologies: nanolithography, bionanocomposites, cell-based computing and entropy production.
This article reviews recent disclosures of bio-inspired, bio-mimicked and bionanotechnologies. Among the patents discussed is a nanoscale porous structure for use in nanocomposites and nanoscale processing. Patents disclosing methods for printing biological materials using nanolithography techniques such as dip-pen technology are discussed, as are patents for optimizing drug design. The relevan...
متن کامل